It Is Practically Difficult To Have An All Inclusive Meaning

It is practically difficult to have an all inclusive meaning of what morals is, the best way to truly watch it is by and by; how does morals shape our lives and how is it obtained? Morals applies to both us and the general population around us as is both politically imperative and essential to the person. Plato and Aristotle had differentiating conclusions on both what morals is, the means by which it is helpful and who can acquire it. I have concentrated on equity while considering the obtaining of morals as I surmise that the two thinkers treat equity in progressively unique ways and that its connection to morals as a subject permits a less demanding meaning of morals itself and the securing of it. Plato established†¦show more content†¦Aristotle remained to be leader of the Academy after Speusippus kicked the bucket be that as it may, wound up to be a disagreeable decision. In 335 BC he established his possess school, the Lyceum and started to make refinements from Plato s work including the way that scholars ought not be rulers but rather consultants. Our translation of moral understanding relies on upon the way that Aristotle and Plato treat the issue and what their concentration is. Plato s worry in The Republic is to make a perfect state. He exhibited a portion of the most punctual utilitarian thoughts, indicating how people ought to utilize their gifts and capacities for the more prominent great. Aristotle in any case, demonstrated his concentration to be the best bliss for the individual and at last, Eudemonia, which can be achieved through living righteously. Here, moral comprehension can be achieved by rehearsing temperate activities, to make these activities simpler and that s just the beginning wonderful to pick. Plato nonetheless, would see morals basically as gained through information as opposed to rehearse. Plato s hypothesis of the structures sited the Great as the best protest of study, and the main wellspring of learning that could add to a genuine obtaining of morals and the capacity to utilize thoseShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Alcohol On Health Care Essay1797 Words   |  8 Pagesconsumed, the pattern of drinking, and, on rare occasions, the quality of alcohol consumed. In 2012, about 3.3 million deaths, or 5.9 % of all global deaths, were attributable to alcohol consumption (WHO.int, 2016). Alcohol consumption is a public health issue that affects populations globally as stated by the World Health Organization and high levels of consumption have adversely affected health globally. Through the health improvement module, there is reoccurring theme present that provides an overviewRead MoreIntegrating New Employees Into The Organizations Current Culture1756 Words   |  8 Pagesculture. 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Also defining the main theories models and ideologies and how they contribute to my curriculum, and how they can change various teaching methods. Concluding with, proposed solutions to improve the curriculum within the Hospitality department. Curriculum is hardly new in fact it dates way back to ancient Greece and the famousRead MoreThe Impact of Green Marketing Strategies on Business Organisations5322 Words   |  22 PagesSetting New Standards: These activities focus on applying a classic marketing approach to greener products, brands and companies. Greener means greener than the product/service/idea of the substitutes and competitors. These companies have got their act together and have modified their supply chain, sourcing, distribution and so on. The result shows mainly in the commercial outcome. Sustainability targets are constantly updated and therefore companies must do the same. 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The language used and the label placed upon the agreement was decided by court as irrelevant as the court would investigate and discover the true nature of the agreement, and decide â€Å"if upon its true construction itRead MoreProcess Work3486 Words   |  14 Pagescurriculum principles | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |Unit 1 Activity 2: The hidden curriculum | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book Read MoreProcess Work3472 Words   |  14 Pagescurriculum principles | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |Unit 1 Activity 2: The hidden curriculum | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book

Epiphany in Araby of James Joyces Dubliners Essay

Araby: An Epiphany The story, Araby in James Joyces Dubliners presents a flat, rather spatial portrait. The visual and symbolic details embedded in the story, are highly concentrated, and the story culminates in an epiphany. An epiphany is a moment when the essence of a character is revealed , when all the forces that bear on his life converge, and the reader can, in that instant, understand him. Araby is centered on an epiphany, and is concerned with a failure or deception, which results in realization and disillusionment. The meaning is revealed in a young boys psychic journey from love to despair and disappointment, and the theme is found in the boys discovery of the discrepancy between the real and the ideal in†¦show more content†¦The boy, in themidst of such decay and spiritual paralysis, experiences the confusedidealism and dreams of first love and his awakening becomes incom-patible with and in ironic contrast to the staid world about him. Every morning before school the boy lies on the floor in thefront parlor peeking out through a crack in the blind of the door,watching and waiting for the girl next door to emerge from her houseand walk to school. He is shy and still boyish. He follows her, walkssilently past, not daring to speak, overcome with a confused sense ofsensual desire and religious adoration. In his mind she is both a saintto be worshipped and a woman to be desired. His eyes are often fullof tears, and one evening he goes to the back room where the priesthad died. Clasping the palms of his hands together, he murmurs, 0love! 0 love! in a prayer not to God, but to the concept of love andperhaps even to the girl, his love. Walking with his aunt to shop onSaturday evenings he imagines that the girls image accompanies him,and that he protects her in places the most hostile to romance. Inthe mixed symbolism of the Christian and the Romantic or Orientalmyths Joyce reveals the epiphany in the story: The se noises con-verged in a single sensation of life for me: I imagined that I bore mychalice safely through a throng of foes. He isShow MoreRelated Epiphanies in Joyces Dubliners and Chaucers Canterbury Tales1179 Words   |  5 PagesJames Joyce’s Dubliners is a compilation of stories that all rely on character epiphanies in order to develop each story. These epiphanies change the tone of each story because each yields a negative change or reaction. In both â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Dead†, the characters realize or learn something about the world around them, which makes them second guess either themselves or the reason behind their actions. Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales contains at least one tale that relies on an epiphany to helpRead MoreMiss1743 Words   |  7 PagesDubliners Dubliners is a collection of 15 short stories by James Joyce, first published in 1914. The fifteen stories were meant to be a naturalistic depiction of the Irish middle class life in and around Dublin in the early years of the 20th century. The stories were written at the time when Irish nationalism was at its peak, and a search for a national identity and purpose was raging; at a crossroads of history and culture, Ireland was jolted by various converging ideas and influences. They centreRead MoreJames Joyce’s Dubliners Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesJames Joyce’s Dubliners is a collection of short stories that aims to portray middle class life in Dublin, Ireland in the early twentieth century. Most of the stories are written with themes such as entrapment, paralysis, and epiphany, which are central to the flow of the collection of stories as a whole. Characters are usually limited financially, socially, and/or by their environment; they realize near the end of each story that they cannot escape their unfortunate situation in Dublin. These storiesRead MoreChange: The Seed of Evolution2514 Words   |  11 Pagesrealized is known as an epiphany--a sudden understanding of the nature to an idea or quandary, usually attained through something simple and, sometimes, unassociated (â€Å"Epiphany†). Authors often use this device not only to convey a realization on the part of their character, but also to allude to an internal message (â€Å"Epiphany†). James Joyce employed this device in many of his works in hopes of revealing to his Irish peers the low esteem of their conduct (Bulson 33). James Joyce was born in IrelandRead More James Joyces Araby - Character, Structure and Style in Araby2402 Words   |  10 Pagesin Araby  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Hazel Edwards, â€Å"A good story writer needs to be a craftsman, for the construction is tighter than that required for most novels. Usually a short story concentrates on a few characters- rarely more than three major ones. The story revolves around a single, dramatic incident which typifies the characters’ reactions. Length varies from 1,000 to about 5,000 words.† With these characteristics in mind, then we are going to examine James Joyce’s short story Araby   inRead MoreEssay on James Joyces Araby - Araby as Epiphany for the Common Man2088 Words   |  9 PagesJames Joyces Dubliners - Araby as Epiphany for the Common Man Joseph Campbell was one of many theorists who have seen basic common denominators in the myths of the worlds great religions, Christianity among them, and have demonstrated how elements of myth have found their way into non-religious stories. Action heroes, in this respect, are not unlike saints. Biblical stories are, quite simply, the mythos of the Catholic religion, with saints being the heroes in such stories. The Star WarsRead MoreIn James Joyce’s the Dubliners, How Do the Characters’ Routines Impede Their Opportunities for Adventure and Excitement?1434 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"Araby†, â€Å"Eveline†, and â€Å"The Dead†, three short stories featured in James Joyce’s The Dubliners, the characters struggle with whether to live their lives with a structured routine or to seek opportunities, change, and adventure. These short stories center around everyday life for citizens of Dublin, Ireland in the early 20th century, when a choice be tween continuing the inherited tradition of routine and structure versus seeking any other form of life or adventure could be the most important decisionRead MoreEssay about The Religious Undertones in James Joyces Araby818 Words   |  4 PagesJames Joyce uses religious references throughout Araby to express his resentment towards the Catholic Church, and Catholicism as a whole. The story revolves around religious symbolism and a boys intnse desire for a girl. Joyces reasons for rejecting the Catholic Church are unknown, but in many scenes his attitude towards religious hypocrisy becomes clearer. The introduction to Araby sets the religious tones, which flow through a neighborhood, dark and full of desire. TheRead MoreEssay on James Joyces Araby - Setting in Araby1597 Words   |  7 PagesSetting in James Joyces Araby  Ã‚   In the opening paragraphs of James Joyces short story, Araby, the setting takes center stage to the narrator. Joyce tends carefully to the exquisite detail of personifying his setting, so that the narrators emotions may be enhanced. To create a genuine sense of mood, and reality, Joyce uses many techniques such as first person narration, style of prose, imagery, and most of all setting. The setting of a short story is vital to the development of characterRead More James Joyce Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pages In selecting James Joyces Ulysses as the best novel of the twentieth century, Time magazine affirmed Joyces lasting legacy in the realm of English literature. James Joyce (1882-1941), the twentieth century Irish novelist, short story writer and poet is a major literary figure of the twentieth-century. Regarded as quot;the most international of writers in English ¡K[with] a global reputation (Attridge, pix), Joyces stature in literature stems from his experimentation with English prose. Influenced

Genetic Engineering, History And Future Essay Example For Students

Genetic Engineering, History And Future Essay Science is a creature that continues to evolve at a much higher rate than the beings thatgave it birth. The transformation time from tree-shrew, to ape, to human far exceeds the timefrom analytical engine, to calculator, to computer. But science, in the past, has always remaineddistant. It has allowed for advances in production, transportation, and even entertainment, butnever in history will science be able to so deeply affect our lives as genetic engineering willundoubtedly do. With the birth of this new technology, scientific extremists and anti-technologists have risen in arms to block its budding future. Spreading fear by misinterpretationof facts, they promote their hidden agendas in the halls of the United States congress. Geneticengineering is a safe and powerful tool that will yield unprecedented results, specifically in thefield of medicine. It will usher in a world where gene defects, bacterial disease, and even agingare a thing of the past. By understanding genetic engine ering and its history, discovering itspossibilities, and answering the moral and safety questions it brings forth, the blanket of fearcovering this remarkable technical miracle can be lifted. The first step to understanding genetic engineering, and embracing its possibilities forsociety, is to obtain a rough knowledge base of its history and method. The basis for altering theevolutionary process is dependant on the understanding of how individuals pass oncharacteristics to their offspring. Genetics achieved its first foothold on the secrets of naturesevolutionary process when an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel developed the first laws ofheredity. Using these laws, scientists studied the characteristics of organisms for most of thenext one hundred years following Mendels discovery. These early studies concluded that eachorganism has two sets of character determinants, or genes (Stableford 16). For instance, inregards to eye color, a child could receive one set of genes from his father that were encoded oneblue, and the other brown. The same child could also receive two brown genes from his mother. The conclusion for this inheritance would be the child has a three in fou r chance of havingbrown eyes, and a one in three chance of having blue eyes (Stableford 16). Genes are transmitted through chromosomes which reside in the nucleus of every livingorganisms cells. Each chromosome is made up of fine strands of deoxyribonucleic acids, orDNA. The information carried on the DNA determines the cells function within the organism. Sex cells are the only cells that contain a complete DNA map of the organism, therefore, thestructure of a DNA molecule or combination of DNA molecules determines the shape, form, andfunction of the organisms offspring (Lewin 1). DNA discovery is attributed to the researchof three scientists, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and James Dewey Watson in 1951. Theywere all later accredited with the Nobel Price in physiology and medicine in 1962 (Lewin 1). The new science of genetic engineering aims to take a dramatic short cut in the slowprocess of evolution (Stableford 25). In essence, scientists aim to remove one gene from anorganisms DNA, and place it into the DNA of another organism. This would create a new DNAstrand, full of new encoded instructions; a strand that would have taken Mother Nature millionsof years of natural selection to develop. Isolating and removing a desired gene from a DNAstrand involves many different tools. DNA can be broken up by exposing it to ultra-high-frequency sound waves, but this is an extremely inaccurate way of isolating a desirable DNA section (Stableford 26). A more accurate way of DNA splicing is the use of restrictionenzymes, which are produced by various species of bacteria (Clarke 1). The restrictionenzymes cut the DNA strand at a particular location called a nucleotide base, which makes up aDNA molecule. Now that the desired portion of the DNA is cut out, it can be joined to anotherstrand of DNA by using enzymes called ligases. The final important step in the creation of anew DNA strand is giving it the ability to self-replicate. This can be accomplished by usingspecial pieces of DNA, called vectors, that permit the generation of multiple copies of a totalDNA strand and fusing it to the newly created DNA structure. Another newly developedmethod, called polymerase chain reaction, allows for faster replication of DNA strands and doesnot require the use of vectors (Clarke 1). The possibilities of genetic engineering are endless. Once the power to control theinstructions, given to a single cell, are mastered anything can be accomplished. For example,insulin can be created and grown in large quantities by using an inexpensive gene manipulationmethod of growing a certain bacteria. This supply of insulin is also not dependant on the supplyof pancreatic tissue from animals. Recombinant factor VIII, the blood clotting agent missing inpeople suffering from hemophilia, can also be created by genetic engineering. Virtually allpeople who were treated with factor VIII before 1985 acquired HIV, and later AIDS. Beingcompletely pure, the bioengineered version of factor VIII eliminates any possibility of viralinfection. Other uses of genetic engineering include creating disease resistant crops, formulatingmilk from cows already containing pharmaceutical compounds, generating vaccines, andaltering livestock traits (Clarke 1). In the not so distant future, genetic engine ering will becomea principal player in fighting genetic, bacterial, and viral disease, along with controlling aging,and providing replaceable parts for humans. Medicine has seen many new innovations in its history. The discovery of anestheticspermitted the birth of modern surgery, while the production of antibiotics in the 1920sminimized the threat from diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis and cholera. The creationof serums which build up the bodies immune system to specific infections, before being laid lowwith them, has also enhanced modern medicine greatly (Stableford 59). All of these discoveries,however, will fall under the broad shadow of genetic engineering when it reaches its apex in themedical community. Life Through My Eyes Essay The evolution of man can be broken up into three basic stages. The first, lasting millionsof years, slowly shaped human nature from Homo erectus to Home sapiens. Natural selectionprovided the means for countless random mutations resulting in the appearance of such humancharacteristics as hands and feet. The second stage, after the full development of the humanbody and mind, saw humans moving from wild foragers to an agriculture based society. Naturalselection received a helping hand as man took advantage of random mutations in nature and bredmore productive species of plants and animals. The most bountiful wheats were collected andre-planted, and the fastest horses were bred with equally faster horses. Even in our recenthistory the strongest black male slaves were mated with the hardest working female slaves. Thethird stage, still developing today, will not require the chance acquisition of super-mutations innature. Man will be able to create such super-s pecies without the strict limitations imposed bynatural selection. By examining the natural slope of this evolution, the third stage is a naturaland inevitable plateau that man will achieve (Stableford 8). This omniscient control of ourworld may seem completely foreign, but the thought of the Egyptians erecting vast pyramidswould have seem strange to Homo erectus as well. Many claim genetic engineering will cause unseen disasters spiraling our world intochaotic darkness. However, few realize that many safety nets regarding bioengineering arealready in effect. The Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) was formed under theNational Institute of Health to provide guidelines for research on engineered bacteria forindustrial use. The RAC has also set very restrictive guidelines requiring Federal approval ifresearch involves pathogenicity (the rare ability of a microbe to cause disease) (Davis, Roche69). It is well established that most natural bacteria do not cause disease. After many years ofexperimentation, microbiologists have demonstrated that they can engineer bacteria that are justas safe as their natural counterparts (Davis, Rouche 70). In fact the RAC reports that there hasnot been a single case of illness or harm caused by recombinant engineered bacteria, and theynow are used safely in high school experiments (Davis, Rouche 69). Scientists have alsodevised other methods of preventing bacteria from escaping their labs, such as modifying thebacteria so that it will die if it is removed from the laboratory environment. This creates a shieldof complete safety for the outside world. It is also thought that if such bacteria were to escape itwould act like smallpox or anthrax and ravage the land. However, laboratory-created organismsare not as competitive as pathogens. Davis and Roche sum it up in extremely laymens terms,no matter how much Frostban you dump on a field, its not go ing to spread (70). In factFrostbran, developed by Steven Lindow at the University of California, Berkeley, was sprayed ona test field in 1987 and was proven by a RAC committee to be completely harmless (Thompson104). Fear of the unknown has slowed the progress of many scientific discoveries in the past. The thought of man flying or stepping on the moon did not come easy to the average citizens ofthe world. But the fact remains, they were accepted and are now an everyday occurrence in ourlives. Genetic engineering too is in its period of fear and misunderstanding, but like every greatdiscovery in history, it will enjoy its time of realization and come into full use in society. Theworld is on the brink of the most exciting step into human evolution ever, and throughknowledge and exploration, should welcome it and its possibilities with open arms. Works CitedClarke, Bryan C. Genetic Engineering. Microsoft (R) Encarta. Microsoft Corporation, Funk ; Wagnalls Corporation, 1994. Davis, Bernard, and Lissa Roche. Sorcerers Apprentice or Handmaidento Humanity. USA TODAY: The Magazine of the American Scene GUSA 118Nov 1989: 68-70. Lewin, Seymour Z. Nucleic Acids. Microsoft (R) Encarta. MicrosoftCorporation, Funk ; Wagnalls Corporation, 1994. Stableford, Brian. Future Man. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1984. Thompson, Dick. The Most Hated Man in Science. Time 23 Dec 4 1989:102-104Words/ Pages : 3,096 / 24

Multi Media Tools Design And Development Essays - Windows Games

Multi Media Tools Design And Development Necronomicon Ex Mortis Jay A With Multimedia is present in almost all aspects of life, entertainment, learning and instruction, information, and sales. This paper will focus on only one of these, the field of entertainment and will show how each aspect; text, graphics, animation, audio, photography and video not only relate to one another but also are dependent on each other to bring about a successful game. Entertainment software is designed to submerse a player in a new environment, be it fantasy, simulation or, in this case, action/adventure and can do so only by close teamwork in each of the six aspects of multimedia mentioned above. TEXT Each game is a miniature interactive movie, and therefore must have a background, a starting point, middle and an ending. In this aspect a script must be written. A script needs a writer and with this game the designers were able to bring back the original writer of the movie that this game is based on. Having a sizeable fan base the designers felt in necessary to keep true to the story line and feel of the movie. Included with the script for the game a writer must also take into account a voice over script for the actors, as well as background story. This is quite evident in the opening sequence of the game. It flawlessly pulls you into the story with a short monologue by the voice over actor and a stunning array of images that could only be brought to life through the writing of a good script. To do this you need to write, and then re-write a story line, receive feedback and then finalize a solid script acceptable to the producers, actors and last but not least the players. AUDIO Audio plays a very important role in the gamers world, from cues and musical clues to atmospheric sounds, ambient music as well as a full orchestra for the cut scenes and key movies to give a full cinematic experience to the player and further immerse them into this world. Tommy Tallibico was the person in charge of this great task has accomplished this through actually composing and recording the various sounds, music, and clues and then playing them back on a tape recorder as the game is played to get a feel for how they will affect the players experience. Bruce Campbell the actor that played Ash, the movies lead, was brought in to record voice comments for the game. The voice over script must ?completely capture the voice of Ash? and convey what he is feeling at any given point in the game. According to Scott Krager, the executive producer for THQ, Bruce and Ash are not too different from each other so the transformation was painless. All audio for the game were created and edited using ProTools and Digital ProPerformer, two high-end sound recording and editing programs. GRAPHICS, ANIMATION, PHOTOGRAPHY and VIDEO Graphics, animation, and video are a huge part of the player's experience, and with this game are all closely related to each other. Environment, the woods, buildings and other background miscellany you see as you move about the game, were first sketched out on paper and then digitized for use on the computer using various programs such as Renderman, for rendering and pre-rendering of digital backgrounds. The animation of characters that couldn't be filmed, such as monsters and evil spirits, plus all of the gore were created using programs such as Maya, Photoshop and Mira. This assures that no actors could be hurt in dangerous special effects scenes or stunts. All effects were created using After Effects Shake and Inferno to complete a package that not only draws you into, but makes you want to return to, the game. Graphics are also very important in the aspects of sales, a package must grab your attention from a shelf containing hundreds of other titles and make you want to buy it without actually playing it. Video and photography were used extensively to create true- to-life movement of the characters. These were then digitized and inserted into the game. A process known as green screen or sometimes, blue screen, was used to record a characters movements against a monochromatic background onto video and then, using

7 Top Tips for Picking a Dissertation Title - Proofed

7 Top Tips for Picking a Dissertation Title - Proofed 7 Top Tips for Picking a Dissertation Title You only get once chance to make a first impression, so when writing a dissertation it helps if you pick a good title. And while the title of your paper won’t determine whether you pass or fail, the information you provide therein can make your work easier to follow for the reader. To make sure you set out on the right foot, the title of your dissertation should be clear and informative. It helps to think about what you want your reader to know from the moment they pick up your work (unlike a good novel, your dissertation doesn’t need a twist ending). So here are a few things to consider when picking a title for your dissertation. 1. What Is Your Research About? The most vital thing that any dissertation title can do is communicate the topic and focus of your research. This includes the general area you’re researching and the specific aspect of this being investigated. So in a dissertation called â€Å"Barriers to Using Social Media in Marketing a Luxury Fashion Brand,† the topic would be the marketing of luxury fashion brands and the focus would be the factors preventing the use of social media. 2. Your Research Approach The research approach you choose has a major impact on the results you achieve and it can help to include this in your title. For example, if you have conducted a large-scale survey of management strategy, you might pick a title such as â€Å"Management Strategy: A Quantitative Study of Current Practice.† 3. The Outcomes of Your Research The more specific the better, especially when it comes to the results of your research. Rather than calling your dissertation â€Å"Factors Influencing Recovery from Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries,† it makes sense to specify the kind of factors being investigated. Are they success factors? Factors which impede recovery? Stating this in the title means your reader will know immediately. If you include the information above, your dissertation title will be on the right track. But to get things perfect you should also keep the following tips in mind: 4. Clarity Seeking a second opinion can be helpful, so try asking a friend or professor to check your title for clarity. It is also advisable to avoid acronyms in titles for this reason. 5. Focus Overly long titles can be confusing or off-putting. Regardless of how good the work is, for instance, only the most dedicated are going to want to read a paper called â€Å"In silico exploration of the fructose-6-phosphate phosphorylation step in glycolysis: genomic evidence of the coexistence of an atypical ATP-dependent along with a PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase in Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii.† 6. Format Check your college’s style guide for how to format your title, as different institutions have different requirements when it comes to factors like capitalization. 7. Uniqueness and Humor Generally it is good if your title makes your dissertation stand out. It is also tempting to use a humorous title, though this is best saved for when writing for a popular audience. Neither uniqueness nor humor, however, should come at the expense of clarity and communicating important details about your work. Hopefully these tips will have helped you come to a decision over your dissertation title. But if not, then our expert proofreaders here at Proofed can let you know of any issues to do with clarity or accuracy in the title and headings of your dissertation, as well as providing a variety of services to ensure the quality of your work.

Polands Count Casimir Pulaski and His Role in the American Revolution

Polands Count Casimir Pulaski and His Role in the American Revolution Count Casimir Pulaski was a noted Polish cavalry commander who saw action during conflicts in Poland and later served in the American Revolution. Early Life Born March 6, 1745, in  Warsaw, Poland, Casimir Pulaski was the son of Jozef and Marianna Pulaski. Schooled locally, Pulaski attended the college of Theatines in Warsaw but did not complete his education. The Advocatus of the Crown Tribunal and the Starosta of Warka, Pulaskis father was a man of influence and was able to obtain for his son the position of page to Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland in 1762. Living in the dukes household in Mitau, Pulaski and the remainder of the court were effectively kept captive by the Russians who held hegemony over the region. Returning home the following year, he received the title of starost of ZezuliÅ„ce. In 1764, Pulaski and his family supported the election of StanisÅ‚aw August Poniatowski as King and Grand Duke of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. War of the Bar Confederation By late 1767, the Pulaskis had become dissatisfied with Poniatowski who proved unable to curb Russian influence in the Commonwealth. Feeling that their rights were being threatened, they joined with other nobles in early 1768 and formed a confederation against the government. Meeting at Bar, Podolia, they formed the Bar Confederation and began military operations. Appointed as a cavalry commander, Pulaski began agitating among government forces and was able to secure some defections. On April 20, he won his first battle when he clashed with the enemy near PohoreÅ‚e and achieved another triumph at Starokostiantyniv three days later. Despite these initial successes, he was beaten on April 28 at Kaczanà ³wka.  Moving to Chmielnik in May, Pulaski garrisoned the town but was later compelled to withdraw when reinforcements for his command were beaten. On June 16, Pulaski was captured after attempting to hold the monastery in Berdyczà ³w. Taken by the Russians, they freed him on June 28 after forcing him to pledge that he would not play any further role in the war and that he would work to end the conflict. Returning to the Confederations army, Pulaski promptly renounced the pledge stating that it had been made under duress and therefore was not binding. Despite this, the fact that he had made the pledge reduced his popularity and led some to question whether he should be court-martialed. Resuming active duty in September 1768, he was able to escape the siege of Okopy Ã…Å¡wiÄ™tej Trà ³jcy early the following year. As 1768 progressed, Pulaski conducted a campaign in Lithuania in the hopes of inciting a larger rebellion against the Russians. Though these efforts proved ineffective, he succeeded in bringing 4,000 recruits back for the Confederation. Over the next year, Pulaski developed a reputation as one of the Confederations best field commanders. Continuing to campaign, he suffered a defeat at the Battle of Wlodawa on Sept. 15, 1769, and fell back to  Podkarpacie to rest and refit his men. As a result of his achievements, Pulaski received an appointment to the War Council in March 1771. Despite his skill, he proved difficult to work with and often preferred to operate independently rather than in concert with his allies. That fall, the Confederation commenced a plan to kidnap the king. Though initially resistant, Pulaski later agreed to the plan on the condition that Poniatowski was not harmed. Fall from Power Moving forward, the plot failed and those involved were discredited and the Confederation saw its international reputation damaged. Increasingly distancing himself from his allies, Pulaski spent the winter and spring of 1772 operating around CzÄ™stochowa. In May, he departed the Commonwealth and traveled to Silesia. While in Prussian territory, the Bar Confederation was finally defeated. Tried in absentia, Pulaski was later stripped of his titles and sentenced to death should he ever return to Poland. Seeking employment, he unsuccessfully attempted to obtain a commission in the French Army and later sought to create a Confederation unit during the Russo-Turkish War. Arriving in the Ottoman Empire, Pulaski made little progress before the Turks were defeated. Forced to flee, he departed for Marseilles.   Crossing the Mediterranean, Pulaski arrived in France where he was imprisoned for debts in 1775. After six weeks in prison, his friends secured his release. Coming to America In late summer 1776, Pulaski wrote to the leadership Poland and asked to be allowed to return home. Not receiving a reply, he began to discuss the possibility of serving in the American Revolution with his friend Claude-Carloman de Rulhià ¨re. Connected to the Marquis de Lafayette and Benjamin Franklin, Rulhià ¨re was able to arrange a meeting. This gathering went well and Franklin was highly impressed with the Polish cavalryman. As a result, the American envoy recommended Pulaski to General George Washington and provided a letter of introduction stating that the count was renowned throughout Europe for the courage and bravery he displayed in defense of his countrys freedom. Traveling to Nantes, Pulaski embarked aboard Massachusetts and sailed for America. Arriving at Marblehead, MA on July 23, 1777, he wrote to Washington and informed the American commander that I came here, where freedom is being defended, to serve it, and to live or die for it. Joining the Continental Army Riding south, Pulaski met Washington at the armys headquarters at Neshaminy Falls just north of Philadelphia, PA. Demonstrating his riding ability, he also argued the merits of a strong cavalry wing for the army. Though impressed, Washington lacked the power to give the Pole a commission and a result, Pulaski was forced to spend the next several weeks communicating with the Continental Congress as he worked to secure an official rank. During this time, he traveled with the army and on Sept. 11 was present for the Battle of Brandywine. As the engagement unfolded, he requested permission to take Washingtons bodyguard detachment to scout the American right. In doing so, he found that General Sir William Howe was attempting to flank Washingtons position. Later in the day, with the battle going poorly, Washington empowered Pulaski to gather available forces to cover the American retreat. Effective in this role, the Pole mounted a key charge which aided in holding back the British. In recognition of his efforts, Pulaski was made brigadier general of cavalry on Sept. 15. The first officer to oversee the Continental Armys horse, he became the Father of the American Cavalry. Though only consisting of four regiments, he immediately began devising a new set of regulations and training for his men. As the Philadelphia Campaign continued, he alerted Washington to the British movements that resulted in the abortive Battle of the Clouds on Sept. 15. This saw Washington and Howe briefly meet near Malvern, PA before torrential rains halted the fighting. The following month, Pulaski played a role at the Battle of Germantown on Oct. 4. In the wake of the defeat, Washington withdrew to winter quarters at Valley Forge. As the army encamped, Pulaski unsuccessfully argued in favor of extending the campaign into the winter months. Continuing his work to reform the cavalry, his men were largely based around Trenton, NJ. While there, he aided Brigadier General Anthony Wayne in a successful engagement against the British at Haddonfield, NJ in February 1778. Despite Pulaskis performance and a commendation from Washington, the Poles imperious personality and poor command of English led to tensions with his American subordinates. This was reciprocated due to late wages and Washingtons denial of Pulaskis request to create a unit of lancers. As a result, Pulaski asked to be relieved of his post in March 1778. Pulaski Cavalry Legion Later in the month, Pulaski met with Major General Horatio Gates in Yorktown, VA and shared his idea of creating an independent cavalry and light infantry unit. With Gates aid, his concept was approved by Congress and he was permitted to raise a force of 68 lancers and 200 light infantry. Establishing his headquarters at Baltimore, MD, Pulaski began recruiting men for his Cavalry Legion. Conducting rigorous training through the summer, the unit was plagued by a lack of financial support from Congress. As a result, Pulaski spent his own money when necessary to outfit and equip his men. Ordered to southern New Jersey that fall, part of Pulaskis command was badly defeated by Captain Patrick Ferguson at Little Egg Harbor on Oct. 15. This saw the Poles men surprised as they suffered more than 30 killed before rallying. Riding north, the Legion wintered at Minisink. Increasingly unhappy, Pulaski indicated to Washington that he planned to return to Europe. Interceding, the American commande r convinced him to stay and in February 1779 the Legion received orders to move to Charleston, SC. In the South Arriving later that spring, Pulaski and his men were active in the defense of the city until receiving orders to march to Augusta, GA in early September. Rendezvousing with Brigadier General Lachlan McIntosh, the two commanders led their forces towards Savannah in advance of the main American army led by Major General Benjamin Lincoln. Reaching the city, Pulaski won several skirmishes and established contact with Vice Admiral Comte dEstaings French fleet which was operating offshore. Commencing the Siege of Savannah on September 16, the combined Franco-American forces assaulted the British lines on Oct. 9. In the course of the fighting, Pulaski was mortally wounded by grapeshot while leading a charge forward. Removed from the field, he was taken aboard the privateer Wasp which then sailed for Charleston. Two days later Pulaski died while at sea. Pulaskis heroic death made him a national hero and a large monument was later erected in his memory in Savannahs Monterey Square. Sources NPS: Count Casimir PulaskiPolish-American Center: Casimir PulaskiNNDB: Casimir Pulaski

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Marketing plan - Essay Example With a range of popular brands in the FMCG sectors including: Americana Meat, Americana Cake, Farm Frites, California Garden, Greenland, Lion, Kiko, Gulfa, Americana has a great chance to expand their presence and to reach more consumers in one of the biggest and most complicated markets in the world. In the UK market, the target market for the â€Å"HALAL† brand will be the Muslim people who immigrants whose number has greatly increased due to their settlement in the country decades ago. We will also target the Muslim business people who have been moved to the country by multinational companies that have invested in the country. Therefore, Halal will target these two groups of Muslims who still holds on to their religion and its teachings. As a result, they are willing to spend their income on foods that is stipulated in the Quran to constitute a lawful meet among the Muslim religion. In the UK, we will modify our brand positioning. The new Brand position to be adopted is the provision of a lawful meat among the Muslim religion. In addition, UK being a highly stable economy with high minimum wage, we will still adopt the pricing the product high to presage the quality of the product because consumers have high disposable income and high spending level (Cadogan, 2009). Several methods of communication will be used in relaying messages to the respective consumers informing them how the product is of high value to their religion. In short, Americana will position themselves in the UK market as a convenient, healthy, tasty, nutrient, and high-quality and high value to Muslim religion brand. In addition, the Americana meat products will be linked with indulgence and health benefits. In the UK, we will launch the product under the same brand name. This is so because such brands are well established and are therefore recognised widely by all the Muslims. Changing the

CIS212 U3 Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CIS212 U3 Discussion - Essay Example t RBAC has ease of management while DAC is complicated since each new user has to go through all the details the user needs access to and add them to the list. Authentication provides a way of identifying a user by having them enter a valid username and password before access is granted. If the identifications do not match, authentication fails hence permission is denied to access the information. Its purpose is to prevent unauthorized users to access information that they are not entitled to access. Certificates provide secure communications across untrusted of vulnerable networks. They are important in securing wireless local area networks. One of the advantages of using certificates is that it ensures that any data sent online is read by only the intended recipients. This is because for that data to reach the recipients, it might have to pass through multiple computers. It also improves customer’s trust. One of the disadvantages of using certificates is that it makes the connections to slow down. Getting certificates for a business can be expensive since the service providers have to pay for its maintenances; therefore it might b e viable for small scale

The length of the wire Essay Example for Free

The length of the wire Essay Affected by the length of the wire. I will be investigating by using three types of wire Thin, Thick and finally an even thicker wire then second time around. I will be also recording my results by taking down what the volt meter displays and what the Ammeter displays. I will be recording the results for each wire and also I will be increasing the wires thickness after I measure 10cm of length each time having taken down the results. Apparatus: Meter Ruler- Safety Goggles- Cell- Wire- Crocodile Clips- Ammeter- A Voltmeter- V Plan. For the following experiment my plan will be to firstly wire up all the appliances to create a circuit then I will predict whether the resistance increases or whether it does not increase while the wire increases. I will carry out the experiment increasing the length of the wire by 10cm each time I will then take down the results of the voltage, current. To measure the voltage I will use a Voltmeter to measure the Voltage, to measure the length of the wire I will use a meter ruler and finally to measure the current I will use a Amp meter. After gaining these results I will work out the resistance using this formula: Resistance=Voltage/Current Having gaining the results I will write them up in a table from which I will plot the graph to support my results Then after drawing the graphs I will come to my conclusion, in my conclusion I will conclude what happened in the experiment and I will say whether my prediction is right. I will then come on to the evaluation of my experiment. Prediction My prediction is as the Length of the wire increase by 10cm the resistance will get affected making it to increase. The factors which may affect my experiment are firstly the cell(Battery) which may ran out or cause a defect, The voltmeter or ammeter may show the wrong Voltage or current and there also could be a wrong connection being made connecting the circuits. There also could be a user fault and they may measure the wrong length of wire. The factors which need to be controlled are to firstly to get a good working battery and them some healthy working wires. You need to make sure u connect the circuit correctly and also you need to make sure you measure the correct length each time. I will also keep the same temperature to make sure the experiment is even I will do this by using a thermometer to make sure the temperature is constant. I will be using Room temperature. Work Done By- SaNjE Balendra Table of results (Thin Wire) Length Voltage Current Resistance Here are is the table of results for my first experiment in which I used a thin wire Work Done By- SaNjE Balendra Table of results (1st Thick Wire) Length Voltage Current Resistance  Here is the table of results for my second experiment in which I used a thick wire Table of results (2nd Thicker Wire) Length Voltage Current Resistance Here is the table of results for third and final experiment Work Done By- SaNjE Balendra Conclusion Having done my experiment I have come to my conclusion. In my experiment I have found out that as the length of the wire increases the resistance increases. This is because as the length of the wire increases it causes the current and voltage to increase which means the resistance increases as well resistance is equal to voltage divided by current. The resistance increases because there is more sufficient surface area which means the can atoms to collide, when the thickness increases it causes the resistance to decrease as there is a lot of surface area so there will be less collision. Evaluation The experiment proved to be a success and it went very well although it could be improved by trying other lengths, different voltages but also a different type of wire to be able to compare the resistance difference this would make a more interesting experiment. I feel overall my results were quite precise. You can see my results were accurate looking at all 3 of my graphs, which shows a straight line through most of the points apart from one or two which are on the line or not very apart from the line. The 2 points on the (thin wire) which was not close to the line was a Anomaly but it did not effect the gradient in the graph. In my experiment the places I think I made the most errors in the experiment was measuring the length of the wire as it was hard to measure the wire keeping it straight and then holding a meter wire to measure it. I can improve on how to measure the wire by using more than one person to either help me or do the experiment with me, I can also improve by being sensible and being focused on my work and on what am doing.

A Comparison of Biographic Features in The Sun Also Rises and The Great

A Comparison of Biographic Features in The Sun Also Rises and The Great Gatsby The writers F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway included biographical information in their novels The Great Gatsby and The Sun Also Rises that illuminated the meaning of the work. Although The Sun Also Rises is more closely related to actual events in Hemingway's life than The Great Gatsby was to events in Fitzgerald's life, they both take the same approach. They both make use of non-judgemental narrators to comment on the "lost generation". This narrator allows Fitzgerlald and Hemingway to write about their own society. Fitzgerlald comments on the jaded old-wealth society of the Eastern United States and the corruption of the American Dream. Hemingway comments on the effects of World War I on the "lost generation" and the hope for the future in the next generation. By adding biographical features into their novels both Fitzgerald and Hemingway are able to give their novels that extra depth because the plot of the novels are more realistic and accurately reflect the society of the times. The story in Fitzgerald's book contains basic ideas from his life, not nessesarily actual events. Several characters have biographical characterization and the novel reflects his own experiences. Hemingway's novel, however, is almost entirely based on actual events that happened to Hemingway and a group of his friends. This enhances the realism of The Sun Also Rises. Fitzgerald and The Great Gatsby In his novel, The Great Gatsby Francis Scott Fitzgerald includes many autobiographical features to enhance and illuminate the themes of the work. Certain main characters like Daisy Buchannon, Jay Gatsby, and the narrator Nick Carraway are repre... ...emingway are able to enhance the meaning of their work and provide extra credibility and realism into their plot. Fitzzgerald takes a rejection from his life and uses that idea to expand off from to write a social commentary on the corruption of the American Dream by the old-rich of the Eastern United States. Hemingway takes actual events from his life and used that as a basis for the plot of his novel. This enhanced the theme by describing the effect of World War I on Hemingway's generation. Bibliography: Works Cited Baker, Carlos. Ernest Hemingway, A Life Story. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1969 p147-155 Donaldson, Scott. Fool for Love. New York: Dell Publishing, 1983 Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co, 1980 Hemingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co, 1986

Remember The Titans Essay

The film Remember the Titans directed by Boaz Yakin, is based on actual events set in Virginia in 1971. The T.C Williams high school’s football team became the unifying symbol for the community as the boys and the coaches learn to depend on and trust each other no matter what their colour of their skin In the scene of the football team leaving for camp in front of the buses, the long shot of Gerry, Ray and Coach Boone shows that Coach Boone is eager to establish his dominance by humiliating Gerry Bertier in front of all the blacks and whites’ family members and the team. The long shot helps us to see clearly about the two races taking their own sides. The shot includes the two buses one for the blacks and one for the whites, all their families gathered in front of them and the coaches Boone and Yoast. The camera angle technique is used to highlight the segregation and to manipulate the perspective of the camera angle above the white and black crowd. This shot signifies how alone Coach Boone is against the boys and how he is struggling to unite their two races to become a team and work together. At the time of Gerry’s funeral Mrs Bertier and Gerry’s best friend Julius are seen holding hands which shows a mutual respect for one another and a common loss between them. The close up in this scene shows us as the audience the interactions between the two races now and how far they have come along from what they were at the start of the film. This is a very important technique because it shows us how respect and friendship can overcome prejudice and hatred. By the coming together of the hands Julius and Mrs Bertier have shown us that people who are different can be united by our mutual acceptance of others. The poem accepting the Differences by Audrey Heller displays many different positive examples to encourage you as an audience, to accept the differences between people that are not like you. In Accepting the Differences, Audrey Heller describes that you can attempt to get others to think like you but they will never properly follow through in understanding your differences.  Heller uses a metaphor to emphasise the interactions that lead to acceptance. The metaphor â€Å"accepting the differences in people is what make the word go round† is helping to say when people accept the differences in in you and everybody else, the world will be peaceful and stress-free. As a result of this our community will overall be easier to feel comfortable in your own skin, to accept others that are different and for them to accept you. In my opinion the poem and the film portray a similar message. As a result they both show us the destruction caused by racism and also that race doesn’t matter and can be set aside for the betterment of humanity. â€Å"We are all people, we are all the same†. By appealing to our emotions, we are convinced by the strong message that human life is one unique whole that can set aside differences to succeed.

Porter’s Five Forces Analysis done on Harley Davidson Essay

Harley Davidson remains as a dominant force in the heavy weight motorcycle industry; upholding 50% share in the heavy weight motorcycles. This year they celebrate their 110th Anniversary proudly as the only major motorcycle manufacturer to completely focus on motorcycles. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway, 2006) Other major players in the Motorcycle Industry are, Honda, Yamaha, Suzuki that also have their other major product lines inclusive of cars, watercraft, musical equipment and etc. Assessment of Strengths and Weaknesses of Current and Potential Competitors Porters Five Forces Analysis Source: Vector (2012) Internal Rivalry The heavyweight motorcycle market is justly concentrated with four major companies manufacturing these vehicles. Harley Davidson being one of the most experienced within the industry, Honda, Suzuki and Yamaha are the competitors that are all from Japan. Over the past few years many market for heavyweight motorcycles has increased annually, but experts are predicting even though the market is growing it will slow down in the years to come. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway, 2006) The Competitive challenge is high in motorcycle industry. Most of the time motorbikes are counted as a luxury product and pricing the products can be complex. (Oxbridge Writers, 2012) Harley Davidson offers spare parts, extended warranties, and innovative and environmental friendly motorbikes for their customers, this singularizes them from their competitors. Japan’s companies have marked their success by establishing a strong competitive place in the market using cheap prices as their strategy. This affects customers perception on Harley Davidson’s place in the market and their prices. However, those having a predominant place in this sport do have conflicting interests, i. e. Yamaha and Honda have diversified into musical instrument and other motor vehicles. . (Oxbridge Writers, 2012) This results Harley-Davidson in differentiating themselves as a loyal, specialized Motorbike Company and getting more customers. Harley Davidson has traditionally been the prevailing competitor in this market with taking over 50% of the market share. With time it has fallen to below 50 % due to other companies expanding their heavyweight motorcycle production and growing in the market, focusing on American Consumers. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway, 2006) This is because other products from competitors are becoming less distinguished and is similar to Harley Davidson Products. Recalling, back to the past it was easier to acknowledge Harley Davidson motorbikes for their unique style, but currently Japanese Manufacturers are merging popular designs to their products. As a result motorbikes from manufacturers are becoming more similar over time. This forces Harley-Davidson to focus more on their branding to maintain the customers. This can be an advantage to them, since Harley is known internationally for their brand, many people would prefer a Harley over a Honda or Suzuki. But can also be a downfall since Japanese companies has been improving their products with time. Threat of New Entrants This industry has a very high entry barrier, as it requires high capital to enter to the market. Similar to most manufacturing industries there are significant economies involved in building motorbikes. (NCCU, 2012) The manufacturing price of a similar product is extremely high in this industry even for a small scale. This is basically one of the main reasons there are only four major players in the industry. There are some small-scale motorcycle creators whose business s fully focused on reputation and appeal to motorcycle devotees, to build utterly customized bikes. They do not produce enough motorbikes to threaten the major players in the industry. They do not affect the position of Harley Davidson in the market but can be an added advantage since it increases interest of motorbikes in the public. Threat of Substitutes and Complements Heavyweight motorcycles are a luxury item for the majority of consumers, so there are very less similar substitutes for heavyweight motorbikes that could seriously affect the market and consumers. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway, 2006) The Japanese manufacturers focus their designs more on smaller, quicker motorbikes that is the closest substitute followed by cars and scooters. Heavyweight bikes portray a certain persona, which is a part of the buyer’s influences on choosing a motorbike. Smaller bikes are for different riding styles and purposes. They are designed for a different seating position unlike the heavyweight motorbikes. Passenger cars can be a substitute for heavyweight motorbikes but it is a weak substitute. (NCCU, 2012) Motorbike consumers rarely purchase Harley’s to fulfill transportation wants. Harley Davidson bikes are more of a luxury item than a necessity to travel. Motorbikes maybe easy to travel in heavy traffic and consume less gasoline compared to a car. If a consumer choses a motorbike for the above mentioned reasons, it would be more reasonable to buy a lighter motorbike, which would be easier to handle and fuel efficient than a heavyweight motorcycle. The most profound complement for a heavyweight motorbike is gasoline/petrol. If fuel prices were higher consumers would not consider purchasing a heavyweight bike, because most journeys taken by the bike on such a bike is highly discretionary and will be used for pleasure rather than for transport necessities. Nevertheless, most of the heavyweight bike consumers are willing to pay between $8000 and $30,000 for this luxury vehicle, they would not mind paying just a little extra for fuel. Bargaining Power of Suppliers According to Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway (2006), â€Å"Harley Davidson operates nearly every stage of the production of a motorcycle, taking raw materials such as steel and basic electrical components and shipping completed motorcycles to its extensive independent dealership network. Because there are many suppliers of all inputs that Harley Davidson requires for its manufacturing operations there is very little that any single supplier can do the exact rents from Harley. † This phrase proves that even if one supplier tries to escalate its profits/prices it would not be much of a deal for Harley to switch suppliers without interruption in production. â€Å"Preferred suppliers† approach reduced the number of suppliers Harley Davidson worked with and improved the quality of the suppliers as well; these long-term contracts and relationship protected Harley Davidson from supplier price increase. (NCCU, 2012) This also grew trust between the suppliers and Harley and their suppliers gained more profit as Harley improved their business. Bargaining Power of Consumers Similar to the Suppliers, Harley Davidson’s customers are of large population of individual consumers, making it difficult to badly affect Harley Davidson’s financial situation by refusing to corporate. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway 2006) Even though Harley’s dealerships are individually owned and operated the companies’ customers are officially their licensed dealers. But the sheer number of dealers that Harley has all over the world makes situation for dealers not much better than individual riders. Harley needs their customers to buy the product in order to gain profit; since Harley is aging they also need to gain more new loyal riders. Each Harley Davidson purchase is by an individual; even though one person would not drastically affect the financial earnings of the company it is essential to sell the individual experience to each customer to reach more Markets and combine these sales to improve financial strength. (NCCU, 2012).

Biomass essays

Biomass essays Many factors contribute to the diversity of life in an environment. The availability of nutrients and sunlight, along with other factors that play a pivotal role in determining what and how much life an area can sustain. While studying the Second Law of Thermodynamics, it came to my attention that the classical pyramid shape of the producer, C1, C2, C3, biomass pyramid did little to take into account the amount of detrital input. I hypothesized that the amount detrital input greatly effected the number of C1, C2, and C3 consumers and thus the overall biodiversity of an ecosystem. Further, if you could find a test-bed where detrital input was the only real difference between two similar ecosystems you would find that organisms of each ecosystem would be adapted to the peculiar conditions. This adaptation would lead you to find vast differences in the taxonomic groups associated with each With this in mind, I first set out to find two similar ecosystems were I could test this hypothesis. Second, to sample, categorize and compare the diversity of these ecosystems along taxonomic lines. Next, I planned to use several of the widely accepted diversity indexes (Simpsons Index, Shannons Index the Chi-Square Test) to compare statistically, the diversity of my Scientific Law states that in order to test the effects of one factor in an equation you must eliminate all other factors . In order to test the detrital base as the limiting factor, all other limiting agents must be eliminated. In a field experiment this is technically impossible; though it is possible to come close by choosing two ecosystems that are very similar. In order to keep this experiment as simple as possible the ecosystem chosen had to be nearly self contained and small. The smaller and more contained the ecosystem the less chance for outside input that could destroy our results. Alazan and B...

Tarpan - Facts and Figures

Tarpan - Facts and Figures Name: Tarpan; also known as Equus ferus ferus Habitat: Plains of Eurasia Historical Period: Pleistocene-Modern (2 million-100 years ago) Size and Weight: About five feet tall and 1,000 pounds Diet: Grass Distinguishing Characteristics: Moderate size; long, shaggy coat About the Tarpan The genus Equuswhich comprises modern horses, zebras and donkeysevolved from its prehistoric horse forebears a few million years ago, and flourished in both North and South America and (after some populations crossed the Bering land bridge) Eurasia. During the last Ice Age, about 10,000 years ago, the North and South American Equus species went extinct, leaving their Eurasian cousins to propagate the breed. Thats where the Tarpan, also known as Equus ferus ferus, comes in: it was this shaggy, ill-tempered horse that was domesticated by the early human settlers of Eurasia, leading directly to the modern horse. (See a slideshow of 10 Recently Extinct Horses.) Somewhat surprisingly, the Tarpan managed to survive well into historical times; even after millennia of interbreeding with modern horses, a few pure-bred individuals roamed the plains of Eurasia as late as the early 20th century, the last one dying in captivity (in Russia) in 1909. In the early 1930sperhaps inspired by other, less ethical eugenics experimentsGerman scientists attempted to re-breed the Tarpan, producing what is now known as the Heck Horse. A few years earlier, authorities in Poland also tried to resurrect the Tarpan by breeding horses with noticeably Tarpan-like traits; that early effort in de-extinction ended in failure.

System Analysis and Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

System Analysis and Design - Assignment Example The technique employs models that can perform one function at a time. The flexibility of tackling numerous project functions at a time is limited. The traditional approach traverses numerous phases. The software upkeep practices in this approach are multifarious. Special techniques apply in access codes for the development of efficient IT systems. The analysis segment in the software development entails an in-depth comprehension of the desires of the end user. The elucidations for the design of the models in this approach require the compatibility of the foci subjects. The design of the model depends on the on the experience and the acquaintance of the software designer. The object-oriented approach is preferable as a system development technique. The object-oriented system is flexible to changing design prerequisites and allows the recycle of codes. This approach creates a system in which the different models function together in software development. This approach centers on information and functionality while the traditional approach centers on system functions. There would be ease in utilizing the object-oriented approach. Flexibility and efficient utilization of software resources mark the advantage of the object-oriented system over the traditional approach. The object-oriented approach includes the most common programming languages such as Java. These languages are easier to comprehend as the center on the subject. The structured analysis methods are older than the object-oriented approach. Large firms operating enormous software systems utilize structural analysis methods to efficiently run their systems. They offer the principles requisite for understanding software development. The old and new generations understand the operation of the structured analysis method.  

Starbucks Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Starbucks Case - Essay Example Starbuck has been seen using the Horizontal Integration variable in many of their strategic acquisition, joint undertakings, and partnerships. The use of Vertical Integration constituted one of the key success factors for the success of the firm. The company has integrated backwards in opening many coffee roasting plants; and in the same way, integrated forward in controlling the distribution chain of its products. Such segmentation variables enhanced the growth of the company form a simple shop in Pikes Place Market in Seattle to an international company with sales turnover of more than $2.1 Billion. It has acquired market in more than thirty countries for the past 21 years. The success of the Starbucks can be attributed to their name branding. In addition, getting in contract with TAZO tea and Albertsons, and introducing new products into the market greatly contributed to its growth (â€Å"Starbucks: Just who Is..†). The Starbucks brand experience has changed over the time. Customers now see Starbucks as a place to grab a quick cup of coffee with them to their office. The customer behavior has changed a lot for the recent years. The Starbucks has utilized the principles of market targeting in order to keep up with the changing consumer preferences. Such changes evolved within the firm constituted for a change in the Starbucks experience. The brand experience is the ‘soul’ of a firm in its successful operation. Besides, the firm’s willingness to be a part of a social setting also plays an important role in its operation. On the other hand, some of Starbucks customers have changed over the time; because they might not be feelin g quite comfortable with the new strategies of target marketing. And they might not be feeling quiet good about paying heavy prices for the new Starbucks experience. The Starbucks accomplished

Emergent strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Emergent strategic management - Essay Example An emergent strategy is a model of management that is used over time when an organization does not have specific objectives and goals. It is also known as realized strategy because it is implemented when it is needed in an organization. Changes in an organization may lead to new challenges and opportunities. An organization will respond to the opportunities and challenges by employing an emergent strategy. Emergent strategy is also the process of being able to identify outcomes that are not in line with the planned strategy put in place and learning how to integrate the changes in the future. This strategy is not intended and cannot be planned in any way. In an organization, the strategy comes about when a series of acts which become a culture despite the precise intentions. Unlike deliberate strategies, emergent strategies enable an organization to learn how things work and what is best for the organization. Mintzberg explains that a strategy will emerge over time as objectives of t he organization are not met (Mintzberg, 1994). When planned strategies in an organization are not met, emergent strategies are used to counter the problems that may arise. Emergent strategies are used in an organization when the present assumptions in the organization are not valid and when the development taking place overtakes the planned strategy put in place. If there are valid and rapid changes in the external environment of an organization, then an emergent strategy would be implemented. For example, if the market becomes competitive, the organization will have to change its marketing strategies by implementing an emergent strategy. If the internal environment of an organization changes, planned strategies will have to be stopped and an emergent strategy be implemented (Lee, 2009). For example, in a comic book shop, the manager realizes that gaming products make more profits

Anaemia During Pregnancy: Case Study

Anaemia During Pregnancy: Case Study ANAEMIA DURING PREGNANCY The wonder and joy ofpregnancyis matched by the bodys ability to adapt to looking after the growing baby. In addition to the mothers physiologic needs, there is the additional need to provide the building blocks for optimal growth of the baby. All this construction requires energy and oxygen as the fuel that helps drive the engine. Oxygen in the air that we breathe is delivered to the cells of the body by haemoglobin, a protein molecule found in red blood cells. When the blood lacks level of healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin it leads to a condition called anaemia. The main part of red blood cells is haemoglobin that binds to oxygen. If red blood cells is too few or the haemoglobin is abnormal or low , the cells in the body will not get enough oxygen. The body goes through significant changes when a woman is pregnant. Anaemia is a common disorder in pregnancy, which affect 20 to 60% of the pregnant women. About 20 to 30% of blood increases in the body, which increases the supply of iron and vitamins which are required in the production of haemoglobin. Most of the mothers lack adequate amount of iron during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. A mild anaemia is normal during pregnancy due to increase in the blood volume, but however a severe anaemia can put the baby at high risk of iron deficiency later in infancy. There are different types of anaemia that can develop during pregnancy such as fotal-deficiency anaemia vitamin B12, deficiency anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia. According to Cashion Alden, Perry (2009) In pregnancy, ladies need extra folate to make the red blood cells to transport oxygen to tissues throughout the body. Folate deficiency can directly contribute to certain types of birth defects. Folate-deficiency anaemia, folate which is also called folic acid, is a type of vitamin which is needed for the body to produce new cells, including healthy red blood cells. Iron-deficiency anaemia is when the body does not have enough iron to produce adequate amounts of haemoglobin, and is the most common cause of anaemia in pregnancy. To form healthy red blood cells the body needs vitamin B12 from her diet, the body would not be able to produce enough healthy red blood cells. Ladies who do not eat meat, poultry, dairy products, and eggs have a risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, which can lead to birth defects. Severe or anaemia which is untreated can lead to preterm or low-birth-weight baby, postpartum depression, baby with a serious birth defect of spine or brain, prenatal mortality or maternal death. . Some of the symptoms of anaemia during pregnancy are pale skin, lips and nail, feeling tired or weak, dizziness, shortness of breath, and rapid heartbeat. Antenatal care refers to care given to a pregnant woman from the time of conception is confirmed until the beginning of labor. Risk factors for anaemia in pregnancy can be woman pregnant with more than one child, two pregnancies close together, vomiting a lot because of morning sickness, teenager who is pregnant, not eating enough foods that are rich in iron and heavy periods before became pregnant In nursing process Assessment is the first stage in which nurse carries out a complete and holistic nursing assessment. Normal ward routine of nursing care procedures in antenatal unit at booking and important nursing focus areas is followed. Antenatal booking appointment, which provides the midwife with the valuable background information. The subjective and objective data is collected. The purpose of the visit is to bring together the woman to the maternity service. The information is shared between the mother and the midwife in- order to discuss, plan and implement care for duration of the pregnancy, the birth and postnatal period. During my attachment in antenatal clinic a mother came in for antenatal booking. Collecting her personal history, she is Mrs X, Indian married female. Her date of birth is 22th January, and is now 23 years old. , she is a high school graduate, is able to read and write and follow instructions, able to maintain eye to eye contact and is married to a 25 years old taxi driver named Mr Y. She is staying with her husband, his parents, two brother’s and a sister. They live in a wooden house near the copra mill. The mother is from Waibula but lives with relatives in Namara. Her emergency contacts were of her husband xxxxxxx and cousin sister xxxxxxx. Her family history, Mrs X mother is diabetic and her sister had twins. Mothers medical history was occasionally complains of migraine, and heavy menstrual bleeding. The husband and his elder brother are driving taxi and also they do a casual job in the timber mill. Mrs last normal menstrual period was on 25th of September 2012, her expec ted date of delivery is on the 7th of January 2013. She missed her period for two months. There was no gynaecological history present. Starting with her examinations, the height is 6 feet and 4 inches (1.65m) and is 66 kilograms. The urine test was normal, blood pressure was 80/40mmHg, temperature of 37.5 °C,pulse rate: 114 bpm, respiratory rate: 28 bpm skin: (+) pallor, (-) jaundice, (-) cyanosis, head:, EENT: pale palpebral conjunctiva, negative cervical lymp adenpathy chest, lungs: symmetrical chest expansion, (-) retractions heart: adynamic precordium, tachycardia, (-) thrills, (-) murmur abdomen: globular, soft, normal and active bowel sounds, non-tender extremities: pale nail beds, cold upper and lower extremities (-) cyanosis, weak peripheral pulsesneurological: No found neurological deficits rectal exam: No haemorrhoids, no fissures, no masses, palpated, no tenderness, intact rectal vault, good sphincter tone. In the blood test, the full blood count was done and was low an d proven to be anaemic. In order to ensure that the outcome of the pregnancy is the best for mother and baby, a routine is undertaken which is embraced by the term â€Å" antenatal care†. Fraser and Copper (2009) stated â€Å" the aims of antenatal care is to monitor the progress of pregnancy to .maternal and fetal health, developing a partnership with the woman, providing a holistic approach to the woman’s care that meets her individual needs, promoting an awareness of her public health issues for the woman and her family, exchanging information with the woman and her family, enabling them to make informed choices about pregnancy and birth, being an advocate for the woman and her family during her pregnancy, supporting her right to choose care appropriate for her own needs and those of her family, recognizing complications of pregnancy and appropriately referring woman to the obstetric team or relevant health professionals or other organizations, facilitating the wom an and her family in preparing to meet the demands of birth, making a birth plan, facilitating the woman to make an informed choice about methods of feeding and giving appropriate and sensitive advice to support her decision and offering parenthood education within a planned programme or an individual basis†.(P.g 265). During booking the mothers blood was sent in the laboratory for tests. The haemoglobin level 12g/dL or if it is the haematocrit less than 30% in a pregnant woman. Then it proves that the woman is anaemic. Mrs X haemoglobin level was 8.7g/dL and hemocrit was 25% , so it proved that she is anaemic. It is the risk to the mother and the fetus., So the nursing problem was diagnosed to Mrs X that she was suffering from Iron Deficiency Anaemia. Fraser et al. (2009) stated â€Å" iron deficiency anaemia is the most common hematologic disorder in pregnancy, it affects approximately 15% to 25% of pregnant woman, depending on the ethnic and socioeconomic groups being studied†.(P.g 872). After the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia Mrs X was referred to the doctor. The body produces more blood to support the growth of the body. The existence of a hematologic abnormally increases the pregnant women’s risk for developing more complication such as infection or preterm delivery If the mother not getting enough iron or certain other nutrients, the body might not be able to produce the amount of red blood cells it needs to make this additional blood. Taylor, Lillies, Lemone Lynn (2011) stated â€Å" carbohydrates, protein and fats are potential sources of energy for the body†.(P.g 1158). Mrs X presented with symptoms of pale skin, lips and nails, feeling tired or weak, dizziness, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate and trouble concentrating. It is very important to assess the wellbeing of the fetus. This was done by checking the fetal movement and listening to the fetal heart sound using a fetal cardio graph machine. The bloods were performed to see the changes that may indicate worsening of anaemia. The nurses has its own independent role scope of practice to ensure that the mother and fetus are healthy. The nurses role in managing the pregnant woman in this case of Mrs X are as follows. Nurses can be councillor, collaborator and advocator. The role of the nurse at first step will be taking or monitoring vital signs of the mother and thefetal heart rate. To assess the fetal heart rate, fetal heart sound and fetal kick count was monitored. Urine check is another important role of nurse in monitoring an anaemic mother. The mother will be asked to bring along a urine sample for glucose and protein level. In early pregnancy if protein level will be high it can be sign of problems including urinary tract infection, a kidney disorder , high blood pressure or diabetes. If in later pregnancy protein of high level is found is sign of pre-eclampsia. Taking of height and weight measurements is another role of a nurse, also to work out body mass index. Potter, Perry, Stockert Hill (2013) st ated â€Å" body mass index (BMI) measures weight corrected for height and serves as an alternative to traditional height-weight relationships†.(P.g 56). Since the nurse knows the diagnosis of Mrs Mrs Xshe can advise on what kind of foods to consume .She was advised to take foods that are rich in iron examples are red meat, egg yolks, dark leafy vegetables, dried fruit, iron-enriched cereals, grains, chicken giblets, beans, lentils, and liver. Establishment of quiet and peaceful environment to promote rest. During her hospitalization Mrs X was served with full diet. The nurse also taught to the woman on correct positioning while resting.The nurses also did health education with the husband on health. Nurses need to follow the physicians orders in giving the prescribed medications on time.They also advised on personal hygiene. In antenatal care the nurse needs to collaborate with other health care professionals, such as dietician, the obstetric, doctor, haematologists and physiotherapist. To enablepeople to make informed and practical choices about food and lifestyle in health and disease, the role of a dietician comes in, dietetics is the interpretation and communication of nutrition science. The role of a dietician was to prepare a food guideline for Mrs X. Obstetric team works with patients who are wanting to become to become pregnant, is pregnant or have recently delivered. The obstetricnurse have plenty roles in managing an anaemic mother. Mrs Narayan was admitted, reviewed, history taken, vaginal examination, fetal heart tones, and duration and intensity of contractions was done by an obstetric nurse. Paediatrician doctoradvised on healthy and successful delivery of Mrs Narayan, also advised on diet and medication compliance. Paediatrician doctor also took blood and urine test. The roleof midwife is to provide pregnancy care to woman during pregnancy and during birth. The midwife took Mrs X medical history and explained in detail the limitations and risks associated with pregnancy while being anaemic. The midwifealso checked urine for protein and heart beats for the developing baby. Health education was also provided by the midwife. The doctor was also responsible to prescribe medications, examination and to consider delivery if the condition of mother gets worse and fetus gets distressed. The physiotherapist taught Mrs X on exercise that was helpful to her. There are rationales behind the nurses independent roles in ensuring the well-being of the mother and the fetus. As stated earlier monitoring of vital signs, it is very important because to see if Mrs X condition is stable or not. Also same for the fetal heart rate and fetal sounds to see if everything is normal or not. Monitoring fetal heart rate and fetal sound to ensure that the fetus is not distressed. Urine checkis also important factor, it is done by the nurses to see if the glucose and protein level is normal or requires attention. Taking of height and weight is also important to see if mother is healthy and gaining weight since she is pregnant.Also to calculate the body mass index of the mother. The nurse providing health education on her diet, encouraging her to take iron rich foods to prevent or stop Mrs X from getting anaemic. The nurse administers medication as prescribed by the doctors to make Mrs X to improve on her health.Personal hygiene is really important because th e way mother keeps her self affects or reflects the fetus as well. There are rationales behind the professionals collaborative roles in establishing or giving quality care to the pregnant mother. Taking of history from the mother is to know whether she had any past medical problems, such as gynaecological issues or any surgeries that can hinder her present pregnancy. Doctors or paediatricians take samples of blood to see if mother is seriously anaemic or requires attention, or to see if there could be any complications.The rationale of doctors doing vaginal examination is to see cervical dilation or any complications which can arise. Counselling by the doctors of having proper diet or dieticians, to improve the condition of the mother and avoiding complications. Obstetric team was to ensure that if emergency develops there could be urgent need to conduct delivery in caesarean section, because they have knowledge on when and how to conduct delivery in emergency situation. Doctors presenting medication to increase iron level in the blood. Physiotherap ist needed to educate mother on exercise to help her in delivery. During the end of the antenatal clinic, the strengths and weakness of Mrs X was found and identified, it was recorded in evaluation. Mrs X was adjusted to what the plan was ruled out for her. Her strengths were that she followed her diet to what the dieticians planned for her. The health education was really effective to her and her husband supported on her diet and growing fetus. The family support was also there and she was in happy environment, free of fear and anxiety. Mrs X also took her tablets on time and gained weight. Another blood test was done and was found out that her haemoglobin level was normal. The benefitsof maternal iron supplementation on these outcomes are unclear, even for woman who develop anaemia during pregnancy. There is vivid evidence that maternal iron deficiencyanaemia increases the risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight. Iron supplementsimprove the iron status of the mother during pregnancy and during the postpartum period, even in woman who enter pregnancy with reasonable iron stores. Through my point of view, the mass of evidence supports the practice of routine iron supplementation during pregnancy, even though iron is most common and important for woman who have anaemia. ( Approx: 2443 words.) Reference Potter, P, A., Perry, A, G., Stockert, P, A., Hill, A, M. (2013). Fundamentals Of Nursing (8th ed.). United States Of America: Mosby. Fraser, D, M., Copper, M, A. (2009). Myles: Textbook for midwives (15th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Lowdermilk, D, L., Perry, S, E., Cashion, K., Alden, K, R. (2012). Maternity Women’s Health Care ( 10th ed.). United States Of America: Mosby. Taylor, C, R., Lillis, C., Lemone, P., Lynn, P. (2011). Fundammentals Of Nursing: The art and science of nursing care (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott. Reeder, S, J., Martin, L, L., Martin, L, L. (1997). Maternity Nursing: Family, newborns, and women’s health care (18th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott. 1

What Factors Affect the Rate of Reaction Between Magnesium and Hydrochl

Science Coursework – What factors effect the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid? Background Knowledge There are four factors that can affect the rate of reaction and they all rely on the collision theory. This is basically how hard and how often particles collide with each other. The more and harder they collide, the faster the reaction time will be. If the acid is made more concentrated there are more particles, which means collisions are more likely. So, the higher the concentration, the quicker the reaction time is. Temperature also affects the rate of reaction. If the temperature is increased, the particles move quicker so more collisions happen. This means the higher the temperature, the quicker the reaction time. Adding a catalyst increase...

Integrative Reflection Paper

Integrative Reflection Paper I think that all modules, including the discussion on interpersonal skills, career development, emotional maturity, leadership skills, and service and commitement provided by the course (PERSEF1) are meaningful, but there is one module that I think has influenced a lot in my personal development and effectiveness — which is career development. In this module, I realized many things in planning for a person’s professional life.One of them is that the major effect of work is not to provide the money for attaining and maintaining a standard of living, as long as the person loves what he/she is doing, the work load should not be a burden but a challenge waiting to be overcome. Another statement that I reflected on is: If you plan correctly, you should be able to find the one job that is right for you. I definitely think that this statement is true but I have never foreseen the negative possibilities that a person’s career path may shift e ven after graduating from college.I thought that if a person has set goals and plans ahead, he will most probably have the right job for him. However, I didn’t think of the cases when a person actually plans correctly, but ends up with a job not of his preference. For example, a person who takes up Finance course but ends up teaching preschool students. This module made me reflect on my decisions as a college student like: Do I see myself as an accountant in ten years time? Do I really love this program that I’m currently taking?This module has helped me opened my eyes and become more serious in my studies because I believe that my academic performance in college will reflect my future job after graduation, through which I am equipped with the skills needed for my profession. I became more confident in sharing my thoughts, feelings, and actions in relation to the various topics taken up in class. For example, through the first exercises of the Grandest Version of mysel f, I was confident in sharing my strengths and weaknesses, goals, hobbies, fears to my friends and group mates.Through this, I was able to acquire knowledge of their personal thoughts and actions and I am able to reflect on mine. Throughout the PERSEF1 course, I sometimes consider to take a quick look at the holistic development wheel, which contains the spiritual, intellectual, social, physical, career, and psychological development. I reflect on these developments of whether I am growing to be better in these aspects holistically. I think that my engagement in class, if ranked 1-10, 0 being the highest, I evaluate it to be 8 because I strongly agree to be engaged in the activities offered in class and I actively participated in group discussions and sharing times. From the start of the course, I think that I became more serious in studying for the exams and lessened my leisure time doing useless things. In terms of handling situations involving other people, I gained confidence of doing these on my own and not with the help of other people. I gained trust in my newly-found friends who always willingly support me in my academic life in a span of 2 terms already.In my interpersonal relationship in relating to the larger community, I applied this skill with my NSTPCW1 course where I came to meet people less fortunate than I. I was able to reflect on all these skills that have really changed me for the better over the past months in terms of managing myself, handling situations involving other people, and relating to the society as a whole. PERSEF1 actually influenced my college life adjustment only to a partial extent, because through the first term, I was already able to adjust with my block mates.

The Host Chapter 18: Bored

I spent the rest of the day, with one brief exception, in total silence. That exception occurred when Jeb brought food for both Jared and me several hours later. As he set the tray inside the entrance to my tiny cave, he smiled at me apologetically. â€Å"Thank you,† I whispered. â€Å"You're welcome,† he told me. I heard Jared grunt, irritated by our small exchange. That was the only sound Jared made all day. I was sure he was out there, but there was never so much as an audible breath to confirm that conviction. It was a very long day-very cramped and very dull. I tried every position I could imagine, but I could never quite manage to get all of me stretched out comfortably at once. The small of my back began a steady throbbing. Melanie and I thought a lot about Jamie. Mostly we worried that we had damaged him by coming here, that we were injuring him now. What was a kept promise in comparison with that? Time lost meaning. It could have been sunset, it could have been dawn-I had no references here, buried in the earth. Melanie and I ran out of topics for discussion. We flipped through our joint memories apathetically, like switching TV channels without stopping to watch anything in particular. I napped once but could not fall soundly asleep because I was so uncomfortable. When Jeb finally came back, I could have kissed his leathery face. He leaned into my cell with a grin stretching his cheeks. â€Å"‘Bout time for another walk?† he asked me. I nodded eagerly. â€Å"I'll do it,† Jared growled. â€Å"Give me the gun.† I hesitated, crouched awkwardly in the mouth of my cave, until Jeb nodded at me. â€Å"Go ahead,† he told me. I climbed out, stiff and unsteady, and took Jeb's offered hand to balance myself. Jared made a sound of revulsion and turned his face away. He was holding the gun tightly, his knuckles white over the barrel. I didn't like to see it in his hands. It bothered me more than it did with Jeb. Jared didn't make allowances for me the way Jeb had. He stalked off into the black tunnel without pausing for me to catch up. It was hard-he didn't make much noise and he didn't guide me, so I had to walk with one hand in front of my face and one hand on the wall, trying not to run into the rock. I fell twice on the uneven floor. Though he did not help me, he did wait till he could hear that I was on my feet again to continue. Once, hurrying through a straighter section of the tube, I got too close and my searching hand touched his back, traced across the shape of his shoulders, before I realized that I hadn't reached another wall. He jumped ahead, jerking out from under my fingers with an angry hiss. â€Å"Sorry,† I whispered, feeling my cheeks turn warm in the darkness. He didn't respond, but sped his pace so that following was even more difficult. I was confused when, finally, some light appeared ahead of me. Had we taken a different route? This was not the white brilliance of the biggest cavern. It was muted, pale and silvery. But the narrow crevice we'd had to pass through seemed the same†¦ It wasn't until I was inside the giant, echoing space that I realized what caused the difference. It was nighttime; the light that shone dimly from above mimicked the light of the moon rather than the sun. I used the less-blinding illumination to examine the ceiling, trying to ferret out its secret. High, so very high above me, a hundred tiny moons shone their diluted light toward the dim, distant floor. The little moons were scattered in patternless clusters, some farther away than others. I shook my head. Even though I could look directly at the light now, I still didn't understand it. â€Å"C'mon,† Jared ordered angrily from several paces ahead. I flinched and hurried to follow. I was sorry I'd let my attention wander. I could see how much it irritated him to have to speak to me. I didn't expect the help of a flashlight when we reached the room with the rivers, and I didn't receive it. It was dimly lit now, too, like the big cave, but with only twenty-odd miniature moons here. Jared clenched his jaw and stared at the ceiling while I walked hesitantly into the room with the inky pool. I guessed that if I stumbled into the fierce underground hot spring and disappeared, Jared would probably see it as a kind intervention of fate. I think he would be sad, Melanie disagreed as I edged my way around the black bathing room, hugging the wall. If we fell. I doubt it. He might be reminded of the pain of losing you the first time, but he would be happy if I disappeared. Because he doesn't know you, Melanie whispered, and then faded away as if she were suddenly exhausted. I stood frozen where I was, surprised. I wasn't sure, but it felt as though Melanie had just given me a compliment. â€Å"Move it,† Jared barked from the other room. I hurried as fast as the darkness and my fear would allow. When we returned, Jeb was waiting by the blue lamp; at his feet were two lumpy cylinders and two uneven rectangles. I hadn't noticed them before. Perhaps he'd gone to get them while we were away. â€Å"Are you sleeping here tonight or am I?† Jeb asked Jared in a casual tone. Jared looked at the shapes by Jeb's feet. â€Å"I am,† he answered curtly. â€Å"And I only need one bedroll.† Jeb raised a thick eyebrow. â€Å"It's not one of us, Jeb. You left this on me-so butt out.† â€Å"She's not an animal, either, kid. And you wouldn't treat a dog this way.† Jared didn't answer. His teeth ground together. â€Å"Never figured you for a cruel man,† Jeb said softly. But he picked up one of the cylinders, put his arm through a strap, and slung it over his shoulder, then stuffed one rectangle-a pillow-under his arm. â€Å"Sorry, honey,† he said as he passed me, patting my shoulder. â€Å"Cut that out!† Jared growled. Jeb shrugged and ambled away. Before he was out of sight, I hurried to disappear into my cell; I hid in its darkest reaches, coiling myself into a tight ball that I hoped was too small to see. Instead of lurking silently and invisibly in the outside tunnel, Jared spread his bedroll directly in front of the mouth of my prison. He plumped his pillow a few times, possibly trying to rub it in that he had one. He lay down on the mat and crossed his arms over his chest. That was the piece of him that I could see through the hole-just his crossed arms and half of his stomach. His skin was that same dark gold tan that had haunted my dreams for the last half year. It was very strange to have that piece of my dream in solid reality not five feet from me. Surreal. â€Å"You won't be able to sneak past me,† he warned. His voice was softer than before-sleepy. â€Å"If you try†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He yawned. â€Å"I will kill you.† I didn't respond. The warning struck me as a bit of an insult. Why would I try to sneak past him? Where would I go? Into the hands of the barbarians out there waiting for me, all of them wishing that I would make exactly that kind of stupid attempt? Or, supposing I could somehow sneak past them, back out into the desert that had nearly baked me to death the last time I'd tried to cross it? I wondered what he thought me capable of. What plan did he think I was hatching to overthrow their little world? Did I really seem so powerful? Wasn't it clear how pathetically defenseless I was? I could tell when he was deeply asleep because he started twitching the way Melanie remembered he occasionally did. He only slept so restlessly when he was upset. I watched his fingers clench and unclench, and I wondered if he was dreaming that they were wrapped around my neck. The days that followed-perhaps a week of them, it was impossible to keep track-were very quiet. Jared was like a silent wall between me and everything else in the world, good or bad. There was no sound but that of my own breathing, my own movements; there were no sights but the black cave around me, the circle of dull light, the familiar tray with the same rations, the brief, stolen glimpses of Jared; there were no touches but the pitted rocks against my skin; there were no tastes but the bitter water, the hard bread, the bland soup, the woody roots, over and over again. It was a very strange combination: constant terror, persistent aching physical discomfort, and excruciating monotony. Of the three, the killer boredom was the hardest to take. My prison was a sensory-deprivation chamber. Together, Melanie and I worried that we were going to go mad. We both hear a voice in our head, she pointed out. That's never a good sign. We're going to forget how to speak, I worried. How long has it been since anyone talked to us? Four days ago you thanked Jeb for bringing us food, and he said you were welcome. Well, I think it was four days ago. Four long sleeps ago, at least. She seemed to sigh. Stop chewing your nails-it took me years to break that habit. But the long, scratchy nails bothered me. I don't really think we need to worry about bad habits in the long term. Jared didn't let Jeb bring food again. Instead, someone brought it to the end of the hall and Jared retrieved it. I got the same thing-bread, soup, and vegetables-twice every day. Sometimes there were extra things for Jared, packaged foods with brand names I recognized-Red Vines, Snickers, Pop-Tarts. I tried to imagine how the humans had gotten their hands on these delicacies. I didn't expect him to share-of course not-but I wondered sometimes if he thought I was hoping he would. One of my few entertainments was hearing him eat his treats, because he always did so ostentatiously, perhaps rubbing it in the way he had with the pillow that first night. Once, Jared slowly ripped open a bag of Cheetos-showy about it as usual-and the rich smell of fake powdered cheese rolled through my cave†¦ delicious, irresistible. He ate one slowly, letting me hear each distinct crunch. My stomach growled loudly, and I laughed at myself. I hadn't laughed in so long; I tried to remember the last time and couldn't-just that strange bout of macabre hysteria in the desert, which really didn't count as laughter. Even before I'd come here, there hadn't been much I'd found funny. But this seemed hilarious to me for some reason-my stomach yearning after that one small Cheeto-and I laughed again. A sign of madness, surely. I didn't know how my reaction offended him, but he got up and disappeared. After a long moment, I could hear him eating the Cheetos again, but from farther away. I peeked out of the hole to see that he was sitting in the shadows at the end of the corridor, his back to me. I pulled my head inside, afraid he might turn and catch me watching. From then on, he stayed down at that end of the hall as much as possible. Only at night did he stretch out in front of my prison. Twice a day-or rather twice a night, as he never took me when the others were about-I got to walk to the room with the rivers; it was a highlight, despite the terror, as it was the only time I was not hunched into the unnatural shapes my small cave forced on me. Each time I had to crawl back inside was harder than the last. Three times that week, always during the sleeping hours, someone came to check on us. The first time it was Kyle. Jared's sudden lunge to his feet woke me. â€Å"Get out of here,† he warned, holding the gun ready. â€Å"Just checking,† Kyle said. His voice was far away but loud and rough enough that I was sure it was not his brother. â€Å"Someday you might not be here. Someday you might sleep too soundly.† Jared's only answer was to cock the gun. I heard Kyle's laughter trailing behind him as he left. The other two times I didn't know who it was. Kyle again, or maybe Ian, or maybe someone whose name I hadn't learned. All I knew was that twice more I was woken by Jared jumping to his feet with the gun pointed at the intruder. No more words were spoken. Whoever was just checking didn't bother to make conversation. When they were gone, Jared went back to sleep quickly. It took me longer to quiet my heart. The fourth time was something new. I was not quite asleep when Jared started awake, rolling to his knees in a swift movement. He came up with the gun in his hands and a curse on his lips. â€Å"Easy,† a voice murmured from the distance. â€Å"I come in peace.† â€Å"Whatever you're selling, I'm not buying,† Jared growled. â€Å"I just want to talk.† The voice came closer. â€Å"You're buried down here, missing the important discussions†¦ We miss your take on things.† â€Å"I'm sure,† Jared said sarcastically. â€Å"Oh, put the gun down. If I was planning to fight you, I would have come with four guys this time.† There was a short silence, and when Jared spoke again, his voice carried a hint of dark humor. â€Å"How's your brother these days?† he asked. Jared seemed to enjoy the question. It relaxed him to tease his visitor. He sat down and slouched against the wall halfway in front of my prison, at ease, but with the gun still ready. My neck ached, seeming to comprehend that the hands that had crushed and bruised it were very close by. â€Å"He's still fuming about his nose,† Ian said. â€Å"Oh, well-it's not the first time it's been broken. I'll tell him you said you were sorry.† â€Å"I'm not.† â€Å"I know. No one is ever sorry for hitting Kyle.† They laughed quietly together; there was a sense of camaraderie in their amusement that seemed wildly out of place while Jared held a gun loosely pointed in Ian's direction. But then, the bonds that were forged in this desperate place must have been very strong. Thicker than blood. Ian sat down on the mat next to Jared. I could see his profile in silhouette, a black shape against the blue light. I noticed that his nose was perfect-straight, aquiline, the kind of nose that I'd seen in pictures of famous sculptures. Did that mean that others found him more bearable than the brother whose nose was often broken? Or that he was better at ducking? â€Å"So what do you want, Ian? Not just an apology for Kyle, I imagine.† â€Å"Did Jeb tell you?† â€Å"I don't know what you're talking about.† â€Å"They've given up the search. Even the Seekers.† Jared didn't comment, but I could feel the sudden tension in the air around him. â€Å"We've been keeping a close watch for some change, but they never seemed overly anxious. The search never strayed from the area where we abandoned the car, and for the past few days they were clearly looking for a body rather than a survivor. Then two nights ago we caught a lucky break-the search party left some trash in the open, and a pack of coyotes raided their base camp. One of them was coming back late and surprised the animals. The coyotes attacked and dragged the Seeker a good hundred yards into the desert before the rest of them heard its screams and came to the rescue. The other Seekers were armed, of course. They scared the coyotes off easily, and the victim wasn't seriously hurt, but the event seems to have answered any questions they might have had about what happened to our guest here.† I wondered how they were able to spy on the Seekers who searched for me-to see so much. I felt strangely exposed by the idea. I didn't like the picture in my head: the humans invisible, watching the souls they hated. The thought made the skin on the back of my neck prickle. â€Å"So they packed up and left. The Seekers gave up the search. All the volunteers went home. No one is looking for it.† His profile turned toward me, and I hunched down, hoping it was too dark to see me in here-that, like his face, I would appear as only a black shape. â€Å"I imagine it's been declared officially dead, if they keep track of those things the way we used to. Jeb's been saying I told you so' to anyone who'll stand still long enough to hear it.† Jared grumbled something incoherent; I could only pick out Jeb's name. Then he inhaled a sharp breath, blew it out, and said, â€Å"All right, then. I guess that's the end of it.† â€Å"That's what it looks like.† Ian hesitated for a moment and then added, â€Å"Except†¦ Well, it's probably nothing at all.† Jared tensed again; he didn't like having his intelligence edited. â€Å"Go on.† â€Å"No one but Kyle thinks much of it, and you know how Kyle is.† Jared grunted his assent to that. â€Å"You've got the best instincts for this kind of thing; I wanted your opinion. That's why I'm here, taking my life into my hands to infiltrate the restricted area,† Ian said dryly, and then his voice was utterly serious again. â€Å"You see, there's this one†¦ a Seeker, no doubt about that-it packs a Glock.† It took me a second to understand the word he used. It wasn't a familiar part of Melanie's vocabulary. When I understood that he was talking about a kind of gun, the wistful, envious tone in his voice made me feel slightly ill. â€Å"Kyle was the first to notice how this one stood out. It didn't seem important to the rest-certainly not part of the decision-making process. Oh, it had suggestions enough, from what we could see, but no one seemed to listen to it. Wish we could've heard what it was saying†¦Ã¢â‚¬  My skin prickled anxiously again. â€Å"Anyway,† Ian continued, â€Å"when they called off the search, this one wasn't happy with the decision. You know how the parasites are always so†¦ very pleasant? This was weird-it's the closest I've ever seen them come to an argument. Not a real argument, because none of the others argued back, but the unhappy one sure looked like it was arguing with them. The core group of Seekers disregarded it-they're all gone.† â€Å"But the unhappy one?† Jared asked. â€Å"It got in a car and drove halfway to Phoenix. Then it drove back to Tucson. Then it drove west again.† â€Å"Still searching.† â€Å"Or very confused. It stopped at that convenience store by the peak. Talked to the parasite that worked there, though that one had already been questioned.† â€Å"Huh,† Jared grunted. He was interested now, concentrating on the puzzle. â€Å"Then it went for a hike up the peak-stupid little thing. Had to be burning alive, wearing black from head to toe.† A spasm rocked through my body; I found myself off the floor, cringing against the back wall of my cell. My hands flew up instinctively to protect my face. I heard a hiss echo through the small space, and only after it faded did I realize it was mine. â€Å"What was that?† Ian asked, his voice shocked. I peeked through my fingers to see both of their faces leaning through the hole toward me. Ian's was black, but part of Jared's was lit, his features hard as stone. I wanted to be still, invisible, but tremors I couldn't control were shaking violently down my spine. Jared leaned away and came back with the lamp in his hands. â€Å"Look at its eyes,† Ian muttered. â€Å"It's frightened.† I could see both their expressions now, but I looked only at Jared. His gaze was tightly focused on me, calculating. I guessed he was thinking through what Ian had said, looking for the trigger to my behavior. My body wouldn't stop shaking. She'll never give up, Melanie moaned. I know, I know, I moaned back. When had our distaste turned to fear? My stomach knotted and heaved. Why couldn't she just let me be dead like the rest of them had? When I was dead, would she hunt me still? â€Å"Who is the Seeker in black?† Jared suddenly barked at me. My lips trembled, but I didn't answer. Silence was safest. â€Å"I know you can talk,† Jared growled. â€Å"You talk to Jeb and Jamie. And now you're going to talk to me.† He climbed into the mouth of the cave, huffing with surprise at how tightly he had to fold himself to manage it. The low ceiling forced him to kneel, and that didn't make him happy. I could see he'd rather stand over me. I had nowhere to run. I was already wedged into the deepest corner. The cave barely had room for the two of us. I could feel his breath on my skin. â€Å"Tell me what you know,† he ordered.